Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is an instructional strategy that promotes active learning; it can be used as a framework for modules, courses, programs, or entire curricula. Students are presented with a problem, a research assignment, a scenario or a request for a design in a field where they have little or no knowledge. What steps do they need to take to complete the assigned?

Following the presentation of the problem students are guided through eight tasks: exploring the problem, identifying what they already know, identifying what they do NOT know, creating a study or work plan, proceeding with the necessary work, sharing group learning, applying that learning to the problem, and reflecting on the process.

Links to problem-based learning websites for higher education from University of Akron.

Problem-based learning in biology. This site includes step-by-step guidelines for both the instructor and the student that are helpful for all disciplines.

Case-Based Learning

The purpose of any case is to highlight an issue(s) the instructor wants to bring to the attention of the learner and then provide an opportunity for the learner to demonstrate their understanding by responding (applying that understanding) to the case situation. 

Cases are well structured exemplars of "situations that have already happened" and are crafted to provide the learner with a succinct learning experience. The learner is a detective following clues in their attempt to get the "right answer."

The strategy supports the case-based reasoning model. Simply stated, when we encounter something new (unknown or novel) the first thing we do (often unconsciously) is check our memory to determine if we have ever seen (heard, tasted, felt etc.) something similar. In short, we draw upon our EXPERIENCE.

Cases are a method of providing structured experiences that draw on the "war stories" of the more experienced members of the discipline. Working with these cases, the students build foundational experiences which they can reference (remember) when they encounter similar events later in their professional life.

Cases in investment management: cases from Yale University. Business schools have used cases to provide students with an opportunity to develop their analytic and problem-solving skills.

Communication on the internet: These cases focus student attention on the use of anonymous communications on the Internet.